Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)

Pakuranga
Pakuranga
Single-member constituency; for the New Zealand House of Representatives
	Location of Pakuranga within Auckland
Region	Auckland
Current constituency
Current MP	Simeon Brown
Party	National
List MP	Parmjeet Parmar (ACT)

Pakuranga is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It gave the Social Credit Party one of its few MPs when Neil Morrison held the seat from 1984 to 1987, but otherwise the electorate seat has been held by the National Party since 1972. Its current MP is Simeon Brown who has held the electorate since the 2017 general election.

Population centres

Pakuranga is one of 64 general electorates used in New Zealand general elections. It covers part of eastern Auckland around the eponymous suburb of Pakuranga. Other population centres include Farm Cove, Half Moon Bay, Bucklands Beach, parts of Highland Park and parts of Howick.

The boundaries of the Pakuranga electorate were last adjusted in the 2007 redistribution. Initially, the Representation Commission proposed substantial changes, but after hearing objections mainly about Pakuranga, Manukau East, and Manurewa, the shape of the Pakuranga electorate reverted to almost the boundaries prior to the review.^[1] No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent 2013/14 redistribution.^[2]

History

Pakuranga was first contested at the 1963 election, and won by future Labour Party frontbencher Bob Tizard. It was captured by National in 1972, and has stayed with National since, save for a brief interlude – the New Zealand Party's presence on the ballot paper in 1984 split the centre-right vote and handed the seat to Social Credit's Neil Morrison.

With the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation in 1996 the seat was expanded to absorb most of the neighbouring seat of Howick. Its boundaries have remained largely unchanged since; an attempt in 2007 to resurrect a seat around Howick by pulling the Pakuranga boundaries across the Tamaki River and adding Panmure, Point England and Glen Innes from Auckland City was abandoned in the face of strenuous local objection. Instead, Howick was renamed Botany and centred on the rapid-growth areas of Flat Bush, Botany Downs and Dannemora.

Pakuranga is considered a safe National seat, with Maurice Williamson being easily re-elected at every election to 2014 after ousting Morrison in 1987.^[3] In the 2014 election, Williamson had a majority of 12,867 votes over his nearest challenger, Barry Kirker of the Labour Party.^[4]

Williamson announced in July 2016 that he would not stand for Parliament at the 2017 general election^[5] and the seat was won by Simeon Brown, retaining it for the National Party.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.

Key

Labour National Independent Social Credit NZ First

Election	Winner
1963 election		Bob Tizard
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election		Gavin Downie
1975 election
1975 election
1978 election		Pat Hunt
1981 election		Pat Hunt
1984 election		Neil Morrison
1987 election		Maurice Williamson
1990 election
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election		Simeon Brown
2020 election
2023 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Pakuranga electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
2002 election		Pita Paraone
2005 election		Pita Paraone
2023 election		Parmjeet Parmar

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: Pakuranga^[6]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Simeon Brown		26,105	71.39	+13.53	21,458	58.12	+19.81
	Labour	Nerissa Henry		7,395	20.22	-10.69	6,124	16.58	-25.22
	ACT	Parmjeet Parmar		1,298	3.54		3,638	9.85	+1.34
	NZ Loyal	Phil Scothern		490	1.34		236	0.63
	Animal Justice	Nicholas Hancock		471	1.28		96	0.26
	Rock the Vote NZ	John Alcock		262	0.71
	Green						2,650	7.17	+2.57
	NZ First						1,397	3.78	+1.64
	Opportunities						531	1.43	+0.51
	Te Pāti Māori						184	0.49	+0.30
	NewZeal						136	0.36	+0.15
	Legalise Cannabis						115	0.31	+0.13
	Freedoms NZ						87	0.23
	New Conservative						54	0.14	-1.18
	DemocracyNZ						30	0.08
	Women's Rights						27	0.07
	Leighton Baker Party						15	0.04
	New Nation						5	0.01
Informal votes				544			136
Total valid votes				36,565			36,919
Turnout
	National hold		Majority	18,710	51.16	+24.21

2020 election

2020 general election: Pakuranga^[7]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Simeon Brown		21,575	57.86	-6.12	14,387	38.31	-23.38
	Labour	Nerissa Henry		11,525	30.91	+8.96	15,698	41.80	+17.09
	Green	Lawrence Xu-Nan		1,632	4.37	-1.32	1,731	4.60	+0.87
	ACT	Mo Yee Poon		790	2.52	—	2,838	8.51	+7.76
	New Conservative	Ian Ronald Sampson		426	1.14	—	498	1.32	+1.09
	Sustainable NZ	Rachel Dominique Wood		302	0.80	—	34	0.09	—
	NZ First						806	2.14	-4.45
	Opportunities						347	0.92	-0.29
	Advance NZ						193	0.51	+0.43
	TEA						175	0.46	—
	ONE						81	0.21	—
	Māori Party						73	0.19	−0.15
	Legalise Cannabis						68	0.18	−0.01
	Vision NZ						28	0.07	—
	Outdoors						11	0.031	-0.029
	Social Credit						4	0.010	+0.008
	Heartland						2	0.005	—
Informal votes				882			217
Total valid votes				37,285			37,552
	National hold		Majority	10,050	26.95	-15.07

2017 election

2017 general election: Pakuranga^[8]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Simeon Brown		22,663	63.98	+4.23	22,149	61.69	+1.45
	Labour	Barry Kirker		7,777	21.95	−0.09	8,872	24.71	+8.79
	NZ First	Suzanne Kelly		2,039	5.75	—	2,369	6.59	−0.50
	Green	Guy Hunt		2,018	5.69	—	1,340	3.73	−2.60
	Māori Party	Carrie Stoddart-Smith		419	1.18	—	124	0.34	+0.03
	Opportunities						436	1.21	—
	ACT						272	0.75	−2.20
	Conservative						83	0.23	−5.34
	Legalise Cannabis						69	0.19	−0.12
	People's Party						32	0.08	—
	Outdoors						18	0.05	—
	United Future						16	0.04	−0.19
	Ban 1080						9	0.02	−0.01
	Internet						9	0.02	−0.59^[a]
	Mana						6	0.01	−0.61^[b]
	Democrats						3	0.008	−0.012
Informal votes				506			96
Total valid votes				35,422			35,903
	National hold		Majority	14,886	42.02	+4.31

2014 election

2014 general election: Pakuranga^[9]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Maurice Williamson		20,388	59.75	−6.11	20,854	60.24	−2.56
	Labour	Barry Kirker		7,521	22.04	+0.25	5,511	15.92	−2.70
	Conservative	Andrew Craig		3,465	10.15	+4.95	1,930	5.57	+2.02
	ACT	Jamie Whyte		2,030	5.95	+3.35	1,021	2.95	+1.16
	NZ First						2,456	7.09	+1.42
	Green						2,192	6.33	+0.12
	Internet Mana						214	0.62	+0.50^[c]
	Legalise Cannabis						109	0.31	−0.03
	Māori Party						108	0.31	−0.02
	United Future						78	0.23	−0.23
	Civilian						16	0.05	+0.05
	Ban 1080						11	0.03	+0.03
	Democrats						8	0.02	±0.00
	Independent Coalition						8	0.02	+0.02
	Focus						4	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				721			101
Total valid votes				34,125			34,621
Turnout				34,621	74.76	+4.77
	National hold		Majority	12,867	37.71	−6.35

2011 election

2011 general election: Pakuranga^[10]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Maurice Williamson		20,694	65.86	+4.28	20,471	62.80	+3.10
	Labour	Sunny Kaushal		6,848	21.79	+0.17	6,068	18.62	-3.66
	Conservative	Lance Gedge		1,634	5.20	+5.20	1,156	3.55	+3.55
	NZ First	Helen Jane Mulford		1,430	4.55	+1.26	1,847	5.67	+2.18
	ACT	Chris Simmons		816	2.60	-3.74	585	1.79	-5.39
	Green						2,024	6.21	+2.61
	United Future						149	0.46	-0.50
	Legalise Cannabis						112	0.34	+0.12
	Māori Party						109	0.33	+0.03
	Mana						40	0.12	+0.12
	Alliance						20	0.06	+0.02
	Libertarianz						9	0.03	-0.01
	Democrats						5	0.02	+0.004
Informal votes				1,041			202
Total valid votes				31,422			32,595
	National hold		Majority	13,846	44.06	+4.10

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,912^[11]

2008 election

2008 general election: Pakuranga^[12]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Maurice Williamson		21,430	61.58		21,099	59.70
	Labour	Brian Kelly		7,524	21.62		7,872	22.27
	ACT	Andrew Jollands		2,205	6.34		2,541	7.19
	Green	Zachary Dorner		1,480	4.25		1,273	3.60
	NZ First	Pita Paraone		1,146	3.29		1,231	3.48
	United Future	Quentin Todd		409	1.18		338	0.96
	Progressive	Jeffrey Ly		354	1.02		265	0.75
	Kiwi	Brian Hilder		252	0.72		123	0.35
	Family Party						186	0.53
	Bill and Ben						137	0.39
	Māori Party						106	0.30
	Legalise Cannabis						79	0.22
	Pacific						38	0.11
	Alliance						15	0.04
	Libertarianz						13	0.04
	Workers Party						12	0.03
	RAM						6	0.02
	Democrats						4	0.01
	RONZ						4	0.01
Informal votes				329			80
Total valid votes				34,800			35,342
	National hold		Majority	13,906	39.96

2005 election

2005 general election: Pakuranga^[13]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Maurice Williamson		19,159	54.03		19,173	53.28
	Labour	Michael Wood		9,577	27.01		10,810	30.31
	Independent	Steve Baron		1,807	5.10
	NZ First	Pita Paraone		1,398	3.54		2105	5.85
	ACT	Bronny Jacobson		1,216	3.43		1,354	3.76
	United Future	Ian McInnes		833	2.35		878	2.44
	Progressive	Ly Meng		560	1.58		297	0.83
	Destiny	David Jesze		488	1.38		206	0.57
	Christian Heritage	Ewen McQueen		373	1.05		80	0.22
	Direct Democracy	Kevin Moore		49	0.14		11	0.03
	Green						907	2.52
	Māori Party						73	0.20
	Legalise Cannabis						36	0.10
	Libertarianz						14	0.04
	Alliance						13	0.04
	RONZ						7	0.02
	99 MP						6	0.02
	One NZ						6	0.02
	Family Rights						5	0.01
	Democrats						4	0.01
Informal votes				359			88
Total valid votes				35,460			35,983
	National hold		Majority	9,582	27.02

2002 election

2002 general election: Pakuranga^[14]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Maurice Williamson		14,010	43.42		8,470	26.02
	Labour	Michael Wood		9,454	29.30		10,375	31.87
	ACT	Andrew Jollands		2,419	7.50		4,712	14.47
	NZ First	Pita Paraone		2,001	6.20		3,859	11.85
	United Future	Ian McInnes		1,461	4.53		2,543	7.88
	Green	David Rose		1,040	3.22		1,173	3.60
	Christian Heritage	Jonothan Ko		876	2.71		426	1.31
	Progressive	Meng Ly		478	1.48		396	1.22
	Alliance	Paul Protheroe		158	0.49		192	0.58
	ORNZ						204	0.63
	Legalise Cannabis						93	0.28
	One NZ						20	0.06
	NMP						4	0.01
	Mana Māori						0.00
Informal votes				378			84
Total valid votes				32,266			32,553
	National hold		Majority	4,556

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Pakuranga for a list of candidates.

1993 election

1993 general election: Pakuranga^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Maurice Williamson	9,619	48.01	−16.24
	Labour	Heather Mackay	4,159	20.75
	Alliance	Denis Wilkins	3,203	15.98
	NZ First	David Moore	2,399	11.97
	Christian Heritage	John Starrenburg	367	1.83
	McGillicuddy Serious	Sasquatch	201	1.00
	Natural Law	Anne Brigid	87	0.43
Majority			5,460	27.25	−17.64
Turnout			20,035	84.04	−0.84
Registered electors			23,838

1990 election

1990 general election: Pakuranga^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Maurice Williamson	13,006	64.25	+20.89
	Labour	Paul Charles Grant	3,920	19.36
	Green	Peter Whitmore	2,211	10.92
	NewLabour	Sandy Gauntlett	420	2.07
	Democrats	Richard Pittams	312	1.54
	Social Credit	Colin Bernard Nicholls	166	0.82
	McGillicuddy Serious	Greg Pittams	124	0.61
	Blokes Liberation Front	Paul Brunton	50	0.24
	Independent	Elaine Wills	31	0.15
Majority			9,086	44.89	−35.16
Turnout			20,240	84.88	−5.76
Registered electors			23,843

1987 election

1987 general election: Pakuranga^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Maurice Williamson	8,987	43.36
	Democrats	Neil Morrison	6,969	33.62	−1.85
	Labour	Barry Wilson	4,700	22.67
	Independent	Sofia Bogrich	70	0.33
Majority			2,018	9.73
Turnout			20,726	90.64	−4.48
Registered electors			22,866

1984 election

1984 general election: Pakuranga^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Social Credit	Neil Morrison	8,271	35.47	−2.22
	National	Pat Hunt	8,099	34.73	−6.19
	NZ Party	Jo Grierson	3,804	16.31
	Labour	Gary Williams	3,101	13.30
	Independent	J R Marriott	39	0.16	−0.29
Majority			172	0.73
Turnout			23,314	95.12	+3.77
Registered electors			24,510

1981 election

1981 general election: Pakuranga^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Pat Hunt	9,908	40.92	+4.42
	Social Credit	Neil Morrison	9,125	37.69	+23.71
	Labour	Peter Turner	5,066	20.92
	Independent	J R Marriott	110	0.45
Majority			783	3.23	−6.88
Turnout			24,209	91.35	+15.53
Registered electors			26,501

1978 election

1978 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Pat Hunt	7,615	36.50
	Labour	Elsa Smith	5,504	26.38
	Independent	Gavin Downie	4,455	21.35
	Social Credit	Neil Morrison	2,918	13.98	+8.79
	Values	M H T Walker	269	1.28
Majority			2,111	10.11
Turnout			20,861	75.82	−11.58
Registered electors			27,513

1975 election

1975 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Gavin Downie	14,192	58.23	+6.79
	Labour	Geoff Braybrooke	7,176	29.44
	Values	Maurice Jenner	1,349	5.53
	Social Credit	Neil Morrison	1,265	5.19
	Independent	Barry Curtis	356	1.46
	Alpha	Victor Filmer	19	0.07
	World Socialist	Maurice Gribble	12	0.04
Majority			7,016	28.79	+18.84
Turnout			24,369	87.40	−3.40
Registered electors			27,881

1972 election

1972 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Gavin Downie	9,310	51.44
	Labour	J B Irwin	7,508	41.48
	Social Credit	B J Southon	1,153	6.37
	New Democratic	F J Collins	126	0.69
Majority			1,802	9.95
Turnout			18,097	90.80	+0.66
Registered electors			19,930

1969 election

1969 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bob Tizard	9,030	51.20	−0.45
	National	Noel Holmes	7,777	44.09
	Social Credit	James Robinson	692	3.92
	Independent	E V Posa	80	0.45
	Communist	Rita Smith	40	0.22
	Independent	Joseph Erwin Moosman	17	0.09	−0.30
Majority			1,253	7.10	−5.33
Turnout			17,636	90.14	+4.24
Registered electors			19,563

1966 election

1966 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bob Tizard	9,380	51.65	−2.27
	National	Victor David Thompson	7,121	39.21
	Social Credit	Thomas Rayne Wreaks	1,588	8.74	+4.31
	Independent	Joseph Erwin Moosman	71	0.39
Majority			2,259	12.43	−0.51
Turnout			18,160	85.90	−1.45
Registered electors			21,139

1963 election

1963 general election: Pakuranga^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Bob Tizard	8,394	53.92
	National	Roland Mainwaring Neville-White	6,379	40.97
	Social Credit	Thomas Rayne Wreaks	690	4.43
	Communist	Rita Smith	104	0.66
Majority			2,015	12.94
Turnout			15,567	87.35
Registered electors			17,821

Table footnotes

^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

^ Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. pp. 8, 13. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ "Hon Maurice Williamson". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ Jones, Nicholas (26 July 2016). "National and Pakuranga MP Maurice Williamson to leave Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
^ "Pakuranga – Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga (2011)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^ [1] Archived 12 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ [2]^{[dead link]}
^ "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 80.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 85.
^ ^a ^b ^c Norton 1988, p. 307.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norton 1988, p. 306.

References

Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.

External links

Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library

[Internet_Party-9] 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election

[Mana_Party-10] 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election

[Internet_Mana-12] 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

[1] Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. pp. 8, 13. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

[2] Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

[3] "Hon Maurice Williamson". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

[4] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

[5] Jones, Nicholas (26 July 2016). "National and Pakuranga MP Maurice Williamson to leave Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 July 2016.

[2023-election-6] "Pakuranga – Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

[2020_Pakuranga-7] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

[2017_Pakuranga-8] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

[11] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 14 April 2016.

[13] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga (2011)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[enrolment-14] "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

[15] [1] Archived 12 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[16] [2]^{[dead link]}

[17] "Official Count Results – Pakuranga". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[18] Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 80.

[19] Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 85.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988307-20] Norton 1988, p. 307.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988306-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norton 1988, p. 306.

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[8]

[a]

[b]

[9]

[c]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

v t e Current New Zealand electorates
North Island	Auckland Central Bay of Plenty Botany Coromandel East Coast East Coast Bays Epsom Hamilton East Hamilton West Hutt South Kaipara ki Mahurangi Kelston Mana Māngere Manurewa Maungakiekie Mount Albert Mount Roskill Napier New Lynn New Plymouth North Shore Northcote Northland Ōhāriu Ōtaki Pakuranga Palmerston North Panmure-Ōtāhuhu Papakura Port Waikato Rangitīkei Remutaka Rongotai Rotorua Takanini Tāmaki Taranaki-King Country Taupō Tauranga Te Atatū Tukituki Upper Harbour Waikato Wairarapa Wellington Central Whanganui Whangaparāoa Whangārei
South Island	Banks Peninsula Christchurch Central Christchurch East Dunedin Ilam Invercargill Kaikōura Nelson Rangitata Selwyn Southland Taieri Waimakariri Waitaki West Coast-Tasman Wigram
Māori	Hauraki-Waikato Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Tāmaki Makaurau Te Tai Hauāuru Te Tai Tokerau Te Tai Tonga Waiariki